The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), also known as sedimentation rate, is a non-specific laboratory test that measures the rate at which red blood cells (RBCs) settle to the bottom of a tube over a period of one hour [1]. ESR is a commonly used test for the diagnosis of inflammatory and infectious diseases. In this article, we will discuss the normal range of ESR, the causes of elevated ESR, diagnostic tests used to measure ESR, and the treatment options for high ESR.
Normal Range of ESR
The ESR normal range varies according to age and sex. In general, the normal ESR range for men is between 0-15 mm/hr and for women, it is between 0-20 mm/hr [2]. However, some factors such as pregnancy, menstruation, anaemia, and old age can cause a higher ESR range in women. Additionally, some laboratories may use different reference ranges for ESR, and therefore, it is essential to consult with your healthcare provider to determine your normal ESR range.
Causes of Elevated ESR
Several conditions can cause an elevated ESR. The most common causes include infections, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Infections such as bacterial, viral, and fungal infections can cause an increase in ESR. Inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and inflammatory bowel disease can also cause a high ESR. Additionally, some cancers such as multiple myeloma and lymphoma can cause an elevated ESR [3].
Diagnostic Tests Used to Measure ESR
ESR is a simple laboratory test that can be performed in a clinical laboratory. To perform the test, blood is drawn from a vein in your arm and placed into a tube with an anticoagulant. The tube is then placed upright and allowed to sit for one hour. The distance between the top of the tube and the top of the settled red blood cells is measured in millimetres and recorded as the ESR. The test is not specific to any particular disease, and therefore, other diagnostic tests are usually needed to confirm the underlying cause of an elevated ESR.
Treatment Options for High ESR
The treatment for high ESR depends on the underlying cause. If the elevated ESR is due to an infection, antibiotics or antifungal medications may be prescribed. If the cause is an autoimmune disease, medications such as corticosteroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) may be used to reduce inflammation and control the immune system [4]. Additionally, lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet and regular exercise may help to reduce inflammation and lower ESR.
ESR is a widely used laboratory test for the diagnosis of various diseases. The test is non-specific and can be influenced by several factors such as age, sex, and underlying health conditions. The normal range of ESR varies based on age and sex, and therefore, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare provider to determine your normal ESR range. The treatment for high ESR depends on the underlying cause, and lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet and regular exercise may also help to reduce inflammation and lower ESR.
In conclusion, ESR is an essential laboratory test that can provide valuable information about a patient’s health status. It is a simple and cost-effective test that can be performed in a clinical laboratory. Despite its limitations, ESR remains an important tool in the diagnosis and management of various diseases. Healthcare providers must interpret ESR results carefully, considering the patient’s medical history and other diagnostic tests. By working closely with their healthcare provider, patients can better understand their ESR results and take steps to improve their overall health and well-being.
