Ginkgo Biloba: Benefits, Uses, Side Effects, Risk & More

Have you heard of Ginkgo Biloba, the Chinese herb which is now a part of the Indian herbal market too? Get ready to learn more about ginkgo…

Ginkgo biloba, also known as the maidenhair tree, is one of the oldest living tree species on Earth. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its various health benefits. Today, ginkgo biloba supplements are popular and widely available, touted for their potential cognitive and circulatory ginkgo benefits. In this article, we will explore the ginkgo biloba health benefits, ginkgo uses, side effects of ginkgo biloba, and risks associated with ginkgo biloba.

What is Ginkgo Biloba?

Ginkgo biloba is a deciduous tree native to China and is now found in various parts of the world. The chemical structure of its leaf consists of components that include Ginkolides, Bilobalides and Ginkgolic Acids which have been observed to have various health and medical benefits. Its unique fan-shaped leaves and distinctive seeds have made it a popular ornamental tree. However, it is the extract from the leaves of the ginkgo tree that is primarily used for medicinal purposes. [1], [2]

Nutritional Value of Ginkgo Biloba 

Health Benefits of Ginkgo Biloba

1. Supplies the beneficial antioxidants

The antioxidant properties of ginkgo biloba are well-documented. Antioxidants help neutralize harmful free radicals in the body, reducing oxidative stress and preventing cellular damage. Ginkgo biloba contains flavonoids and terpenoids, which act as potent antioxidants. By reducing oxidative stress, ginkgo biloba may help protect against chronic diseases, such as heart disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. [3] 

2. Facilitates cognitive enhancement

One of the most widely researched benefits of ginkgo biloba is its potential to enhance cognitive function, particularly in older adults. Several studies have suggested that ginkgo biloba may improve memory, attention, and cognitive processing. It is believed that the active compounds in ginkgo biloba, such as flavonoids and terpenoids, have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that can protect and improve brain function. [4], [5] 

3. Offers circulatory support

Ginkgo biloba has been shown to have a positive impact on the circulatory system. It is believed to improve blood flow and enhance the dilation of blood vessels, which can have various benefits. Improved blood flow can help deliver oxygen and nutrients to different parts of the body, including the brain. This may explain its potential cognitive-enhancing effects. Ginkgo biloba may also aid in the management of conditions related to poor circulation, such as intermittent claudication, which causes leg pain during physical activity. [2], [6] 

4. Supports eye health

Ginkgo benefits for eye health need to be explored too. Its antioxidant properties and ability to improve blood flow can help protect the retina and reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults. While more research is needed, early studies suggest that ginkgo biloba may have a protective effect on eye health. [7] 

5. Alleviates Symptoms of Anxiety

Ginkgo has shown promise in easing symptoms of anxiety, as highlighted in a study. Individuals with generalized anxiety disorder report experiencing improved relief from anxiety when taking ginkgo compared to a placebo. [13]

6. Supports wound healing

Studies suggest that Ginkgo Biloba could accelerate wound closure by promoting collagen synthesis. However, there is more research necessary to solidify these findings. [14]

7. Promotes blood vessel health

Its circulation-enhancing properties hint at benefits for conditions like intermittent claudication, where compromised blood flow causes leg discomfort after walking a certain distance.

8. Comes with antimicrobial properties

Ginkgo seeds, historically used topically, possess antibacterial effects, attributed to compounds like ginkgolic acid. Studies indicate its efficacy against various bacteria. [15]

Uses of Ginkgo Biloba

Memory Enhancement

Ginkgo biloba supplements are often used to improve memory and cognitive function. They are commonly taken by older adults experiencing age-related cognitive decline. While the evidence is not conclusive, some studies have shown promising results in terms of memory improvement and cognitive enhancement. However, it is important to note that individual responses may vary, and ginkgo biloba may not work for everyone. [8]

Vertigo and Tinnitus

Ginkgo biloba has been used as a natural remedy for vertigo and tinnitus (ringing in the ears). Some studies suggest that ginkgo biloba may help reduce the intensity and frequency of vertigo episodes and alleviate tinnitus symptoms. However, further research is needed to fully understand its effectiveness in these conditions. [9]

Anxiety and Depression

In traditional medicine, ginkgo biloba has been used to help alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression. While the scientific evidence is limited, some studies have indicated that ginkgo biloba may have a positive impact on mood disorders. It is believed that the herb’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, along with its potential to improve blood flow, may contribute to its antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. However, more research is needed to determine its efficacy and safety for these conditions. [10]

Asthma and Respiratory Health

Ginkgo biloba has been explored as a potential complementary therapy for asthma and other respiratory conditions. Some studies suggest that ginkgo biloba may help reduce inflammation in the airways and improve lung function. It may also have a bronchodilatory effect, which could aid in managing asthma symptoms. However, further research is required to establish its effectiveness and safety in respiratory health. [11]

Ginkgo Biloba Dosage

The dried leaf extract of Ginkgo is commonly consumed orally as a dietary supplement. Recommended doses typically range from 80-240 mg of dry extract daily, often split into 2-3 doses (averaging around 120 mg per dose). [16]

It is crucial to seek guidance from a qualified healthcare professional before incorporating any herbal supplements into your routine.

Ginkgo Biloba Side Effects and Precautions

While ginkgo biloba is generally considered safe for most people when taken in recommended doses, it can cause certain side effects. Some individuals may experience mild gastrointestinal symptoms such as stomach upset, diarrhea, or constipation. In rare cases, ginkgo biloba may cause allergic reactions, skin rashes, or headaches. It is important to consult a healthcare professional before starting any new supplements, especially if you have any pre-existing medical conditions or are taking medications. [2]

Ginkgo biloba may interact with certain medications, including blood thinners, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and certain herbal supplements. It is crucial to inform your healthcare provider about all medications and supplements you are taking to avoid potential interactions. [12]

Risks and Considerations

Ginkgo biloba should be used with caution in certain populations. Pregnant and breastfeeding women are advised to avoid ginkgo biloba due to limited research on its safety in these groups. People with bleeding disorders or scheduled surgeries should also exercise caution, as ginkgo biloba may increase the risk of bleeding. Additionally, individuals with epilepsy or a history of seizures should consult their healthcare provider before using ginkgo biloba, as it may potentially lower the seizure threshold.

It is important to note that ginkgo biloba supplements are not regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the same way as prescription drugs. Therefore, the quality and potency of ginkgo biloba products can vary. It is advisable to choose reputable brands and consult with a healthcare professional before making a purchase.

Where to Buy

FAQs

Conclusion

Ginkgo biloba is a popular herbal supplement with a long history of use in traditional medicine. While it is known for its potential cognitive and circulatory benefits, the scientific evidence is mixed, and further research is needed to establish its effectiveness in various conditions. It is important to approach ginkgo biloba supplementation with caution, considering the potential side effects, drug interactions, and individual variations in response. As with any supplement or treatment, it is best to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating ginkgo biloba into your healthcare regimen.

Disclaimer

This article is only for providing a general knowledge perspective and does not constitute medical advice. Kindly seek the help of a trained medical practitioner before initiating any treatment.

References

1. Comparison of Two Old Phytochemicals versus Two Newly Researched Plant-Derived Compounds: Potential for Brain and Other Relevant Ailments (researchgate.net)
2. The Maidenhair Tree (Ginkgo biloba, L.) on JSTOR
3. Endophytes from Gingko biloba: the current status (researchgate.net)
4. Advances in Ginkgo biloba research: Genomics and metabolomics perspectives | African Journal of Biotechnology (ajol.info)
5. Status-of-Maiden-Hair-Tree-Ginkgo-biloba-Living-Fossils-Becoming-Endangered.pdf (researchgate.net)
6. Medicinal Plants of South Asia: Novel Sources for Drug Discovery – Google Books
7. Ginkgo biloba extract for age‐related macular degeneration – PMC (nih.gov)
8. Ginkgo biloba for cognitive improvement in healthy individuals – PMC (nih.gov)
9. A Brief Review On Ginkgo Biloba L. (Maidenhair Tree) A Rare  Multipurpose Medicinal Plant (psu.edu)
10. Ginkgo biloba as an Alternative Medicine in the Treatment of Anxiety in Dementia and other Psychiatric Disorders (researchgate.net)
11. Ginkgo biloba and its use in asthma treatment
12. Traversing through half a century research timeline on Ginkgo biloba, in transforming a botanical rarity into an active functional food ingredient – ScienceDirect
13.  Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in generalized anxiety disorder and adjustment disorder with anxious mood: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
14.  Development and Evaluation of the Wound Healing Effect of a Novel Topical Cream Formula Based on Ginkgo biloba Extract on Wounds in Diabetic Rats
15. Validation of a 16th Century Traditional Chinese Medicine Use of Ginkgo biloba as a Topical Antimicrobial 
16. Ginkgo biloba Indications, Mechanisms, and Safety